Which scenario exemplifies “retaliation” in workplace law?

Retaliation in workplace law occurs when an employer takes adverse action against an employee for engaging in legally protected activities, such as reporting harassment or discrimination. In this scenario, when a worker is demoted after reporting harassment, it exemplifies retaliation because the adverse action of demotion is directly linked to the employee's complaint about misconduct. This creates a chilling effect, discouraging individuals from speaking up about wrongful behavior due to fear of further negative consequences.

In contrast, receiving a promotion after filing a complaint, being part of a team that earns a bonus, or being congratulated for tenure do not represent retaliation, as these actions are positive or neutral responses that do not involve adverse action against the employee for reporting issues.